Certified Surgical First Assistant (CSFA) Practice Test

What is the most common congenital defect of the heart?

1. Ventricular septal defect

2. Atrial septal defect

3. Patent ductus arteriosus

4. Coarctation of the aorta

The correct answer is: Ventricular septal defect

The most prevalent congenital heart defect is a ventricular septal defect (VSD), which is characterized by the presence of one or more openings in the ventricular septum, the wall that separates the left and right ventricles of the heart. This defect allows blood to flow directly from the left ventricle to the right ventricle, leading to increased blood volume in the right heart and lungs, which can result in complications such as pulmonary hypertension if not addressed. VSDs are particularly common because they can vary significantly in size and can occur with or without associated anomalies. Many VSDs are small and may close on their own during early childhood, while larger defects can require surgical intervention. The occurrence of VSDs highlights the importance of early detection and monitoring in pediatric patients, as many children may exhibit no symptoms initially. Other conditions such as atrial septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, and coarctation of the aorta are also critical congenital heart anomalies but are less frequent in comparison to ventricular septal defects. Each condition has its own implications and management strategies, making it vital for healthcare providers to have a solid understanding of the prevalence and impact of VSD in congenital heart disease.